Everything about National War Labor Board totally explained
In 1918
President Woodrow Wilson created the
National War Labor Board (
NWLB) which was an agency composed of representatives from business and labor. Former President
William Howard Taft was the chairman of the NWLB. Its purpose was to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. Capitalizing on labor shortages during America's entrance into
World War I,
unions led by
Samuel Gompers under the American Federation of Labor organized mass
strikes for tangible gain. With more than 1200 cases heard the board ruled in favor of labor more often than not.
In response the
American Federation of Labor issued a 'no strike' pledge. Wilson then instructed the NWLB to uphold the right of labor to organize and bargain collectively. In one instance, Wilson dispatched Federal Agents to commandeer a Smith & Wesson factory that violated WIB regulations. The
War Industries Board (WIB) also constructed low-income housing around war factories and shipyards to ensure an adequate labor pool. It also encouraged a living wage. Union membership almost doubled after the formation of the WIB. Of note the AFL rose from 2 million in
1916 to 3.2 million in
1919. By the end of the
decade, 15% of the nonagricultral work force was
unionized. The NWLB was abolished
August 12,
1919.The biggest setback in the process of creating the program was the exclusion of the up-and-coming African-American Citizens of the United States. Much dispute had arisen from the situation.
New National War Labor Board
The
National War Labor Board, was reestablished by
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on
January 12,
1942. It became a tripartite body and was charged with acting as an arbitration tribunal in labor-management dispute cases, thereby preventing work stoppages which might hinder the war effort. It administered wage control in national industries such as
automobiles,
shipping,
railways,
airlines,
telegraph lines, and
mining. The Board was originally divided into 12 Regional Administrative Boards which handled both labor dispute settlement and wage stabilization functions for specific geographic regions. The National Board further
decentralized in
1943, when it established special tripartite commissions and panels to deal with specific industries on a national base. It ceased operating in
1946, and thereafter labor disputes were handled by the
National Labor Relations Board, originally set up in
1935.
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